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Oldonyo Lengai : Strangest Volcano on Earth


Ol doinyo Lengai
Oldoinyo Lengai - Tanzania
Size: height of 2,886 m/9,469 ft.
Location: Northern Tanzania, 300 km (190 miles) Northwest of Arusha.

Ol doinyo Lengai (pronounced ol doyn-yo len-guy) is an active volcano in the Eastern Rift Valley, and it is home to the Masai God Eng'ai, who signals her wrath with eruptions and drought. The name means 'Mountain of God' in the language of the Masai people who inhabit this area. Ol doinyo Lengai is a unique and extremely fascinating volcano that towers above the East African Rift Valley in Northern Tanzania, just south of Lake Natron. It is located on the way between Ngorongoro Crater and the Serengeti and is part of many of our itineraries. Geologists are particularly interested in Ol doinyo Lengai because It is the only volcano in the world that erupts natrocarbonatite lava, a highly fluid lava that contains almost no silicon. Oldoinyo Lengai is also the only active volcano in this part of the Rift Valley, though there are many older extinct volcanoes in this region. The mountain rises a startling 2,886 m/9,469 ft above the parched Rift Valley floor.



Eruption of T58C on July 15, 2004


Referred to as the strangest volcano on Earth, Ol doinyo Lengai earns its reputation when it erupts. Unusually cool, highly fluid lava produces a whimsical world of geologic fantasies that include extrusions frozen in flight. These natrocarbonatite flows have a chemical composition akin to laundry soap, and exposed to the atmosphere, the lava quickly hardens and decays. Unlike common basalt lavas, which are sticky with silica, Lengai’s lavas are mostly slick sodium carbonate with the viscosty of olive oil. Volcanic froth rich in carbon dioxide can spew into the air as liquid lava and harden in midair. Some of the big drops can form little parachutes, and look like silver flying through the air before hitting the ground with the sound of breaking glass. Lengai’s Dr. Seussian formations can crumble a day after they are born, and you can judge their age by their color. Even raindrops accelerate the decomposition.


Wildlife
There is little wildlife on this mountain besides small antelope, reptiles, and insects, but birdlife is quite extensive along the routes.

How To Get There
Ol doinyo Lengai is located between the Serengeti and Ngorongoro along Tanzania's northern circuit. By road, charter or scheduled flight from Arusha, en route to the Serengeti and Lake Manyara.

What To Do
The climb up Ol doinyo Lengai is extremely strenuous, requiring a gain of 1,676 m/5,500 ft. You start the steep 6-hour climb around midnight with the goal of reaching the crater rim for sunrise. Include a visit to Ol doinyo Lengai in your itinerary.  


Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, altitude 2960 meters (9711 feet), is a unique and extremely fascinating volcano that towers above the East African Rift Valley in Northern Tanzania, just south of Lake Natron.  It is the only volcano in the world that sometimes erupts natrocarbonatite lava, a highly fluid lava that contains almost no silicon. Natrocarbonatite lava is also much cooler than other lavas, being only about 950 degrees F (510 degrees C) compared to temperatures over 2000 degrees F (~1100 degrees C)  for basaltic lavas. Natrocarbonatite is the most fluid lava in the world.  Lava with a low gas content can flow like a whitewater stream, and actually has a viscosity near that of water. Natrocarbonatite lava glows orange at night, but is not nearly as bright as silicon-based lavas since it is not as hot.  


During the day it is not incandescent; most flows look like very fluid black oil, or brown foam, depending on the gas content. In the past, some visitors to the crater believed they were seeing mud flows. Most newly solidified lava is black and contains crystals that sparkle brightly in the sun.  There are also sometimes small flows known as "squeeze-ups" that are light gray when they flow and harden.  






Contact with moisture rapidly turns natrocarbonatite lava white because of chemical reactions that occur when the lava absorbs water.  Eventually the water absorption process turns lava flows into soft brown powder. During dry weather the whitening of flows happens over a period of a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the thickness of the flow. In rainy weather the lava surface turns white immediately.  In parts of the crater that have been inactive for several months, the ground is light brown/white and so soft that one sinks into it when walking.

Ol Doinyo Lengai also has phases of explosive activity during which the composition of the lava may contain much more silicate material, reducing its viscosity.  In this type of eruption there is no fluid lava and activity takes the form of ash eruptions accompanied by ejection of blocks and bombs.  However, initial phases of an explosive eruption may include strong lava fountains.  The two most recent explosive eruptions occurred during 1966-1967 and 2007-2008.

Since the mid 1980's, lava flows, and to a much lesser extent, explosive eruptions, have been witnessed by many observers of Ol Doinyo Lengai.  Natrocarbonatite lava eruptions are usually centered in one or more small cones that have been formed on the crater floor by previous eruptions of lava. These eruptions have typically taken the form of open lava pools or lakes that may or may not be overflowing, lava flows issuing from holes or cracks inside or near the base of the cones, or lava splashes or fountains from the summit vents of the cones.  



The activity is not well understood but is thought to be a function of the plumbing of the crater, the level of the lava within the plumbing, and the gas content of the lava.  No one knows what causes the lava to flow out at any particular time or how the various vents in the crater are interconnected.  Mineralogists would like to understand how the lava evolves under the surface and why it has its unusual chemical composition, but that also is unknown, although there are several theories.  Finally, no one has any idea why the pattern of frequent small lava flows gave way to explosive activity at the end of August 2007 and how that may have related to earthquakes in the region during the previous two months.



Eruption of T58C on July 15, 2004


Famous Photographs

 01. Afghan Girl [1984]
Photographer: Steve McCurry
Famous photo, The Afghan Girl

And of course the afghan girl, picture shot by National Geographic photographer Steve McCurry. Sharbat Gula was one of the students in an informal school within the refugee camp; McCurry, rarely given the opportunity to photograph Afghan women, seized the opportunity and captured her image. She was approximately 12 years old at the time. She made it on the cover of National Geographic next year, and her identity was discovered in 1992.


02. Omayra Sánchez [1985]
Photographer: Frank Fournier

Famous photo, Omayra Sanchez

Omayra Sánchez was one of the 25,000 victims of the Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) volcano which erupted on November 14, 1985. The 13-year old had been trapped in water and concrete for 3 days. The picture was taken shortly before she died and it caused controversy due to the photographer’s work and the Colombian government’s inaction in the midst of the tragedy, when it was published worldwide after the young girl’s death.


03. Portrait of Winston Churchill [1941]
Photograph from: Yousuf Karsh

Famous photo, Portrait of Winston Churchill

This photograph was taken by Yousuf Karsh, a Canadian photographer, when Winston Churchill came to Ottawa. The portrait of Churchill brought Karsh international fame. It is claimed to be the most reproduced photographic portrait in history. It also appeared on the cover of Life magazine.


04. The plight of Kosovo refugees [1999]
Photographer: Carol Guzy

Famous photo, The Plight of Kosovo Refugees

The photo is part of The Washington Post’s Pulitzer Prize-winning entry (2000) showing how a Kosovar refugee Agim Shala, 2, is passed through a barbed wire fence into the hands of grandparents at a camp run by United Arab Emirates in Kukes, Albania. The members of the Shala family were reunited here after fleeing the conflict in Kosovo.


05. Stricken child crawling towards a food camp [1994]
Photographer: Kevin Carter

Famous photo, stricken child crawling towards a food camp


The photo is the “Pulitzer Prize” winning photo taken in 1994 during the Sudan Famine.
The picture depicts stricken child crawling towards an United Nations food camp, located a kilometer away.

The vulture is waiting for the child to die so that it can eat him. This picture shocked the whole world. No one knows what happened to the child, including the photographer Kevin Carter who left the place as soon as the photograph was taken.
Three months later he committed suicide due to depression.


06. Segregated Water Fountains [1950]
Photographer: Elliott Erwitt, Magnum Photos

Famous photo, Segregated Water Fountains

Picture of segregated water fountains in North Carolina taken by Elliott Erwitt.


07. Burning Monk – The Self-Immolation [1963]
Photographer: Malcolm Browne

Famous photo, Burning Monk

June 11, 1963, Thich Quang Duc, a Buddhist monk from Vietnam, burned himself to death at a busy intersection in downtown Saigon to bring attention to the repressive policies of the Catholic Diem regime that controlled the South Vietnamese government at the time. Buddhist monks asked the regime to lift its ban on flying the traditional Buddhist flag, to grant Buddhism the same rights as Catholicism, to stop detaining Buddhists and to give Buddhist monks and nuns the right to practice and spread their religion.
While burning Thich Quang Duc never moved a muscle.

08. Bliss [~2000]

Famous photo, Bliss

Photographer: Charles O’Rear

Bliss is the name of a photograph of a landscape in Napa County, California, east of Sonoma Valley. It contains rolling green hills and a blue sky with stratocumulus and cirrus clouds. The image is used as the default computer wallpaper for the “Luna” theme in Windows XP.
The photograph was taken by the professional photographer Charles O’Rear, a resident of St. Helena in Napa County, for digital-design company HighTurn. O’Rear has also taken photographs of Napa Valley for the May 1979 National Geographic Magazine article Napa, Valley of the Vine.
O’Rear’s photograph inspired Windows XP’s US$ 200 million advertising campaign Yes you can.


09. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire [1911]
Photographer: International Ladies Garmet workers Union

Famous photo, The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Picture of bodies at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. Company rules were to keep doors closed to the factory so workers (mostly immigrant women) couldn’t leave or steal. When a fire ignited, disaster struck. 146 people died 


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Emma Watson 2012 HD Hot Wallpaper

Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born in Paris, France to folks, Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson. At the age of 5, Emma's oldsters divorced and he or she then moved to Oxfordshire, England along with her mother and younger brother, Alexander. Since the divorce, Emma's nuclear family has grown as her oldsters each have new partners. Her father contains a son named Toby, and identical twin daughters, Nina and Lucy, and her mother's partner has 2 sons. Emma spent a lot of of her childhood residing in England along with her mother and stepfather, younger brother, and 2 stepbrothers.

From the age of six, Emma knew that she needed to be an actress and, for variety of years, she trained at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts, a part-time theatre faculty where she studied singing, dancing and acting. By the age of 10, she had performed and brought the lead in numerous Stagecoach productions and college plays, as well as "Arthur: The Young Years" and "The Happy Prince". In 1999, casting began for Harry Potter and therefore the Sorcerer's Stone (2001), the film adaptation of British author J.K. Rowling's bestselling novel. Casting agents found Emma through her Oxford theatre teacher. once eight consistent auditions, producer David Heyman told Emma and fellow candidates, Daniel Radcliffe and Rupert Grint, that that they had been forged for the roles of the 3 leads, Hermione Granger, Harry Potter and Ron Weasley.




Counting my blessings.

Today is one of those days when I sit down and reflect what my life has been so far. A wise man once said " count your blessings" and that is what I am doing today, I'm simply counting my blessings. 

God has been good to me, so good. He hears my prayers and he answers just on the right time, I am simply blessed. :)  I can not thank him enough for giving me so many wonderful people. 

My Mother; Mama thank you very much for all the sacrifices, all that you had to give up so that I could grow up comfortably and become the woman I am today, without you I simply wouldn't exists.

To my Dad; Thank you for being a torch bearer, you have carried my torch and you have showed me the way. You showed me how to become a good human being and how to live and care for others. You have constantly being reminding me of what is important in my life and how to always make sure I do not lose the sight of "what matters the most" For all this and much more thank you.

To my sisters; I love you so much. You are my best friends, always there for me when I'm down, even from a distance I always know that I can count on you. My life is blessed with you in it. I could not have chosen better sisters given a chance. You are true blessings in my life, even distance can not keep us apart. I'll donate a kidney for you both, nothing measures to how much you girls mean in my life :)

My brothers; always wise and full of good advices and sermons. Your love and care keeps me going, even when I do not say it, always know that "You mean the world to me"

My Best friends; In the course of life I have come across millions of people, but God has a purpose for only keeping a handful of you in my life. I know you would do anything for me, as much as I would do anything for you. Your Joy is my Happiness and Your sorrow is my mourn. I did not choose you, I could not have done this  well. God brought you into my life and made sure that You stayed. I always cherish all the moments we are together, all the jokes, the heart brakes, the fights, and the secrets..... all this and more I wouldn't trade them for a lifetime.

My Soul mate; You found me where I could not have been found, you loved me even when I was un-lovable, you gently showed me what love is and you have taught me how to Trust, be patient and Believe in love again. My heart was in shambles but you have mended it, its now whole and strong. You fit perfectly in my mishaps and you always have a way of bringing out that child in me. You have made me a better person, and I wouldn't trade eternity for you. You are my soul mate. I love you. 

I am simply blessed ;)

Why I think Zanzibarians are narrow minded people

"Did you know that the first churches to be build in Tanzania (Tanganyika & Zanzibar) are in Zanzibar? which means Christianity spread throughout the coastal cities of Tanganyika from Zanzibar?


I am a believer in my constitutional right to express my thoughts, especially  on things that affects me personally or which affects me as a Tanzanian. I strongly support the fact that People of Zanzibar have a right to express their thoughts as to what they think is better for the welfare of Zanzibar and its people. It is the right that any democratic state should grant its people. I believe that the people of Zanzibar have very solid and valid reasons of opposing the Union. And I believe that it is the duty of the state to grant them an opportunity to express these reasons freely and openly without being threatened in any way. 

What I am opposing is the fact that they are mixing "Religion with Politics" For people who are sane they should be knowing that mixing these two things is like creating a ticking bomb. The world has already seen what happens when these two things are mixed up, and it is usually never good. If they are opposing Muungano, why then burn churches? Zanzibar is not an Islamic state, and Tanzania Mainland is not a Christianity state so where is the logic behind rioting against the Union while burning churches?. Why then destroy and take away the freedom of worship of minority Zanzibarians who are Christians? 


In fact what is a "Sheikh" doing addressing the masses on non- religious issues anyway? isn't there a boundary somewhere? and why does their government let them get away with it? or may be they actually support them behind the curtain. If not then somebody better give me a sound explanation of what is happening in Zanzibar, is it Jihad? or is it merely riots opposing The Union?

 Tanzanian people in mainland have formed a bond, we do not discriminate each other based on religions, we do not define each other based on "what you believe or where what pray or where you worship". Hard work and personal character is what defines us. We are co-existing in peace and harmony, we are all "one nation" after all. So what these people in Zanzibar are doing is a threat to this relationship and bond that we have here, they want us to start identifying each other based on religion? Too dangerous, I say we let them go and leave us with our peace. 

I believe that there are minority Christians in Zanzibar, who by birth are Zanzibarians. So by burning churches are they sending them a message that they are also not needed there? And must Zanzibarians always fight? They always seem to find a reason to riot and burn stuff. I condemn these violence against Christians and their institutions and properties, and I condemn any one who is leading, entertaining and supporting this kind of movement. This is 21st Century, we are not in 13century any more, for all those who wish to fight and create wars based on religion I think you are all living in the wrong century.

I personally support them on their cause of being against "Muungano" mainly because I think Zanzibar is a leech that is sucking away all blood from Tanzania mainland and there are so many people here in mainland supporting this too, but I do not see them burning churches or mosques, because its not about religion, this is all about Politics.

One more thing that Zanzibarians needs to ask themselves is this "Do they really wish to be known world wide as a nation that opposes Christianity openly?" especially considering that half of their income is generated from tourism. Its a stupid move, whether they agree or not, no tourist will feel safe going in a country that openly burns churches, no one with their right state of mind anyway.  Because whether they wish to admit it or not half of the tourists comes from countries like US, European countries, and Scandinavian countries, and these are countries with a majority of citizens that celebrates "Easter and Christmas"

 I think these people who are rioting needs to get their facts straight, they do not want Union that's fine, but they should stay away from churches and mosques. The government of Zanzibar should try and prosecute all these people involved in all these "arsonic" activities,  This Should include this Sheikh who is leading these demonstrations in my opinion he should be the number one accused person. The last time I checked the penalty for arson is life or death. So they have to do something, strong measures in fact or else their economy is going down

And "Tanganyika" wake up!!! Let go of these racist, discriminating people, they call us "Chogo" when we go there. We can not work freely, open a business freely not even move around freely without being bugged that you are a chogo. Meanwhile we have so many Zanzibarians here, working our jobs, trading in our markets, having shops in our streets and we say nothing. Are we deaf? dumb? or stupid? 


This union is taking us downhill. We are helping them with Electricity lighting their homes and streets and this is how they repay us? They want to be like Southern Sudan that's Fine with me, anything to bring to an end this parasitic Union.

Burning anything to Justify your cause is barbaric, They should be ashamed of themselves.

Should we start sending their "Pemba" brothers who are scattered all over mainland home?, should we start burning their homes and businesses? should we sack them from our Industries?  I'm just asking

Falling in love

Its a beautiful feeling. The way your stomach will ache painlessly as you are waiting for the reply of a text message, or a chat.

You know, the way you hope that he will say what your heart longs to hear and feel and praying that you wont mess up when you reply.

But that's the least of the problems, the main issue is that lingering worry of "Is this it?" deeply hoping that this is the one while trying so hard to suppress your feelings and make sure that you do not look like you are rushing things? I know exactly how that feels, been there done that.

Take your time, be patient and be yourself. Its important to remember that the first impression is going to define the rest of your relationship. Do not fake anything because you should expect the same from the other side, its good to know true colours of the people that we are getting involved with. 

All these are just precautions, the important thing is " Enjoy every moment of it, there's never a better feeling that falling in love" 

This is for my best friend. Love you and always praying for you. Fingers crossed. 

wink wink ;) 


Extreme Resemblence




Which one is Russel Crowe and Gerard Butler?








Which one is Isla Fischer and Amy Adams?






AMY & ISLA   photo | Amy Adams, Isla Fisher

Can you distinguish Javier Berdem (of Vicky Cristina Barcelona) from Jeffrey Morgan Dean (Accidental Husband)?






Funny Photo : Signs Lyrics

Yes, i do know you’ve seen sign regarding cops targeting fat chicks and lots of others that are frequent on the web, however here are some that some witty guy redesigned. Tbh, these “addings” appear additional applicable then the initial signs. If you recognize what I mean…

Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around
Responsible Sings Around

Funny Photo : They Do Have a distinct Reality Check

Gamers are positively a distinct reasonably individuals, they're a special cluster that slowly forgets their real life and starts living within the invented one, where factors happening are even additional vital and heavy than thing in real (our) world. they're conjointly known as no-lifers, however oh they need life, simply not the one we have a tendency to see. it's extraordinarily dangerous to undertake to elucidate them that things from the $64000 world have higher priority than the fiction ones. 

But, as always, there are 2 sides of that medal. the intense facet of gaming is that you just compensate your real life for developing your brain in an exceedingly manner, practising your reflexes and creating choices in serious scenario with the nice speed and potency. Also, with new technology gamers will physically follow, when using wii for instance, the previous ones might exercise solely their hands’ fingers.

But, we have a tendency to should all bear in mind the previous latin proverb – dosis venum facit, which suggests that the amount makes the poison. I confess, i favor to play smart and sophisticated games typically, however the key word is usually. Well, here are a number of photos which will try and cause you to laugh, though you’re a gamer.

They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check
They Do Have a Different Reality Check